Previous Page
  Next Page
 
Evokation
 
 
Index
 

 

 

 

NUCLEAR FAMILY 19769

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

 

..................

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
R
=
9
-
7
RAINBOW
82
37
1
L
=
3
-
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
-
-
14
-
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
Q
-
5
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

 

 

 

THIS IS THE SCENE OF THE SCENE UNSEEN

THE UNSEEN SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THIS IS THE SCENE

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
18
First Total
189
90
18
1+8
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
9+0
1+8
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

A

MAZE

IN

ZAZAZA ENTERS AZAZAZ

AZAZAZAZAZAZAZZAZAZAZAZAZAZA

ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262625242322212019181716151413121110987654321

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z = 351 = Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z = 126 = Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z = 9 = Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A

 

ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQ R STUVWXYZ = 351 = ZYXWVUTS R QPONMLKJ I HGFEDCBA

ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQ R STUVWXYZ = 126 = ZYXWVUTS R QPONMLKJ I HGFEDCBA

ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQ R STUVWXYZ = 9 = ZYXWVUTS R QPONMLKJ I HGFEDCBA

 

BEYOND THE VEIL ANOTHER VEIL ANOTHER VEIL BEYOND

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

....

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

....

 

 

 

O
=
6
-
3
OUT
56
11
2
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
C
=
3
-
6
COMETH
64
28
1
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
Q
Q
29
Q
18
Q
239
95
14
-
-
2+9
-
1+8
-
2+3+9
9+5
1+4
-
-
11
-
9
-
14
14
5
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
2
-
9
-
5
5
5

 

 

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

 

..................

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
R
=
9
-
7
RAINBOW
82
37
1
L
=
3
-
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
-
-
14
-
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
Q
-
5
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

..................

 

 

A

HISTORY OF GOD

Karen Armstrong 1993

The God of the Mystics

Page 250

"Perhaps the most famous of the early Jewish mystical texts is the fifth century Sefer Yezirah (The Book of Creation). There is no attempt to describe the creative process realistically; the account is unashamedly symbolic and shows God creating the world by means of language as though he were writing a book. But language has been entirely transformed and the message of creation is no longer clear. Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet is given a numerical value; by combining the letters with the sacred numbers, rearranging them in endless configurations, the mystic weaned his mind away from the normal connotations of words."

 

THERE IS NO ATTEMPT MADE TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS REALISTICALLY

THE ACCOUNT IS SYMBOLIC AND SHOWS GOD CREATING THE WORLD BY MEANS OF LANGUAGE

AS THOUGH WRITING A BOOK BUT LANGUAGE ENTIRELY TRANSFORMED

THE MESSAGE OF CREATION IS CLEAR EACH LETTER OF

THE

ALPHABET

IS

GIVEN

A

NUMERICAL

VALUE BY COMBINING THE LETTERS WITH THE SACRED NUMBERS

REARRANGING THEM IN ENDLESS CONFIGURATIONS

THE MYSTIC WEANED THE MIND AWAY FROM THE NORMAL CONNOTATIONS OF WORDS

 

 

THE MAN WHO LOVED ONLY NUMBERS

Paul Hoffman

1

999

Page 217

"Mathematicians in India in the sixth century had developed a place value system and introduced the concept of a zero to keep their symbols in their proper places. Thus a 1 with an 0 after it, or 10, is a very different number from a 1 alone. Erdos, who always joked that he was old and stupid, said the Indians were very clever, not just in their discovery of zero, but in their choice of similar- sounding Hindi words for stupid person (buddhu) and old person (buddha).

In the seventh century, Hindu scholars introduced Islam to the Indian number scene, and the ideas of zero / Page 216 ( omitted) and place value spread rapidly throughout the Arabic world. Six centuries later, Fibonacci was so impressed with the ease of the Hindu-Arabic numerals that he wanted to make Pisan merchants aware of them. In 1202, he wrote Liber abaci (Book of the Abacus), which, despite the title had little to do with the Abacus and a lot to do with liberating computations from the yoke of Roman numerals. The book seems quaint from the vantage point of the twentieth century, because it explains what we take for granted.

"The nine Indian figures are: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 , and with the sign Zero. . . any number can be written."

 

6
DIVINE
63
36
9
10
REVELATION
121
49
4
-
-
-
-
13
8
THIRTEEN
99
45
9

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

A

MAZE

IN

ZAZAZA ENTER AZAZAZ

AZAZAZAZAZAZAZZAZAZAZAZAZAZA

ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262625242322212019181716151413121110987654321

 

 

A

HISTORY OF GOD

Karen Armstrong 1993

The God of the Mystics

Page 250

"Perhaps the most famous of the early Jewish mystical texts is the fifth century Sefer Yezirah (The Book of Creation). There is no attempt to describe the creative process realistically; the account is unashamedly symbolic and shows God creating the world by means of language as though he were writing a book. But language has been entirely transformed and the message of creation is no longer clear. Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet is given a numerical value; by combining the letters with the sacred numbers, rearranging them in endless configurations, the mystic weaned his mind away from the normal connotations of words."

 

THERE IS NO ATTEMPT MADE TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS REALISTICALLY

THE ACCOUNT IS SYMBOLIC AND SHOWS GOD CREATING THE WORLD BY MEANS OF LANGUAGE

AS THOUGH WRITING A BOOK BUT LANGUAGE ENTIRELY TRANSFORMED

THE MESSAGE OF CREATION IS CLEAR EACH LETTER OF

THE

ALPHABET

IS

GIVEN

A

NUMERICAL

VALUE BY COMBINING THE LETTERS WITH THE SACRED NUMBERS

REARRANGING THEM IN ENDLESS CONFIGURATIONS

THE MYSTIC WEANED THE MIND AWAY FROM THE NORMAL CONNOTATIONS OF WORDS

 

 

THE MAN WHO LOVED ONLY NUMBERS

Paul Hoffman

1

999

Page 217

"Mathematicians in India in the sixth century had developed a place value system and introduced the concept of a zero to keep their symbols in their proper places. Thus a 1 with an 0 after it, or 10, is a very different number from a 1 alone. Erdos, who always joked that he was old and stupid, said the Indians were very clever, not just in their discovery of zero, but in their choice of similar- sounding Hindi words for stupid person (buddhu) and old person (buddha).

In the seventh century, Hindu scholars introduced Islam to the Indian number scene, and the ideas of zero / Page 216 ( omitted) and place value spread rapidly throughout the Arabic world. Six centuries later, Fibonacci was so impressed with the ease of the Hindu-Arabic numerals that he wanted to make Pisan merchants aware of them. In 1202, he wrote Liber abaci (Book of the Abacus), which, despite the title had little to do with the Abacus and a lot to do with liberating computations from the yoke of Roman numerals. The book seems quaint from the vantage point of the twentieth century, because it explains what we take for granted.

"The nine Indian figures are: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 , and with the sign Zero. . . any number can be written."

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

2
IS
28
10
1
9
UNIVERSAL
121
40
4
4
MIND
40
22
4
3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
33
First Total
378
162
27
3+3
Add to Reduce
3+7+8
1+6+2
2+7
6
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

9
UNIVERSAL
121
40
4
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
IS
28
10
1
3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
33
First Total
378
162
27
3+3
Add to Reduce
3+7+8
1+6+2
2+7
6
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

E
=
5
-
2
EX
11
2
2
U
=
3
-
6
UMBRIS
82
28
1
E
=
5
-
2
ET
25
7
7
I
=
9
-
10
IMAGINIBUS
104
50
5
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
V
=
4
-
9
VERITATEM
113
41
5
-
-
35
-
31
First Total
358
142
25
-
-
3+5
-
3+1
Add to Reduce
3+5+8
1+4+2
2+5
-
-
8
-
4
Second Total
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+6
-
-
-
-
8
-
4
Essence of Number
7
7
7

 

 

O
=
6
-
3
OUT
56
11
2
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
S
=
1
-
7
SHADOWS
89
26
8
A
=
1
-
3
AND
82
28
1
P
=
7
-
9
PHANTASMS
111
30
3
I
=
9
-
4
INTO
58
22
4
T
=
2
-
5
TRUTH
87
24
6
-
-
32
-
33
Add to Reduce
441
135
27
-
-
3+2
-
3+3
Reduce to Deduce
4+4+1
1+3+5
2+7
-
-
5
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THIS IS THE SCENE OF THE SCENE UNSEEN

THE UNSEEN SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THIS IS THE SCENE

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
18
First Total
189
90
18
1+8
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
9+0
1+8
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE

FAR YONDER SCRIBE

AND OFT TIMES SHADOWED SUBSTANCES WATCHED IN FINE AMAZE

THE

ZED ALIZ ZED

IN

SWIFT REPEAT SCATTER STAR DUST AMONGST THE LETTERS OF THEIR PROGRESS

 

 

NUMBER

9

THE SEARCH FOR THE SIGMA CODE

Cecil Balmond 1998

Cycles and Patterns

Page 165

Patterns

"The essence of mathematics is to look for patterns.

Our minds seem to be organised to search for relationships and sequences. We look for hidden orders.

These intuitions seem to be more important than the facts themselves, for there is always the thrill at finding something, a pattern, it is a discovery - what was unknown is now revealed. Imagine looking up at the stars and finding the zodiac!

Searching out patterns is a pure delight.

Suddenly the counters fall into place and a connection is found, not necessarily a geometric one, but a relationship between numbers, pictures of the mind, that were not obvious before. There is that excitement of finding order in something that was otherwise hidden.

And there is the knowledge that a huge unseen world lurks behind the facades we see of the numbers themselves."

 

 

FINGERPRINTS OF THE GODS

A QUEST FOR THE BEGINNING AND THE END

Graham Hancock 1995

Chapter 32

Speaking to the Unborn

Page 285

"It is understandable that a huge range of myths from all over the ancient world should describe geological catastrophes in graphic detail. Mankind survived the horror of the last Ice Age, and the most plausible source for our enduring traditions of flooding and freezing, massive volcanism and devastating earthquakes is in the tumultuous upheavals unleashed during the great meltdown of 15,000 to 8000 BC. The final retreat of the ice sheets, and the consequent 300-400 foot rise in global sea levels, took place only a few thousand years before the beginning of the historical period. It is therefore not surprising that all our early civilizations should have retained vivid memories of the vast cataclysms that had terrified their forefathers.
Much harder to explain is the peculiar but distinctive way the myths of cataclysm seem to bear the intelligent imprint of a guiding hand.l Indeed the degree of convergence between such ancient stories is frequently remarkable enough to raise the suspicion that they must all have been 'written' by the same 'author'.
Could that author have had anything to do with the wondrous deity, or superhuman, spoken of in so many of the myths we have reviewed, who appears immediately after the world has been shattered by a horrifying geological catastrophe and brings comfort and the gifts of civilization to the shocked and demoralized survivors?
White and bearded, Osiris is the Egyptian manifestation of this / Page 286 / universal figure, and it may not be an accident that one of the first acts he is remembered for in myth is the abolition of cannibalism among the primitive inhabitants of the Nile Valley.2 Viracocha, in South America, was said to have begun his civilizing mission immediately after a great flood; Quetzalcoatl, the discoverer of maize, brought the benefits of crops, mathematics, astronomy and a refined culture to Mexico after the Fourth Sun had been overwhelmed by a destroying deluge.
Could these strange myths contain a record of encounters between scattered palaeolithic tribes which survived the last Ice Age and an as yet unidentified high civilization which passed through the same epoch?
And could the myths be attempts to communicate?

A message in the bottle of time"

'Of all the other stupendous inventions,' Galileo once remarked,

what sublimity of mind must have been his who conceived how to communicate his most secret thoughts to any other person, though very distant either in time or place, speaking with those who are in the Indies, speaking to those who are not yet born, nor shall be this thousand or ten thousand years? And with no greater difficulty than the various arrangements of two dozen little signs on paper? Let this be the seal of all the admirable inventions of men.3

If the 'precessional message' identified by scholars like Santillana, von Dechend and Jane Sellers is indeed a deliberate attempt at communication by some lost civilization of antiquity, how come it wasn't just written down and left for us to find? Wouldn't that have been easier than encoding it in myths? Perhaps.
Nevertheless, suppose that whatever the message was written on got destroyed or worn away after many thousands of years? Or suppose that the language in which it was inscribed was later forgotten utterly (like the enigmatic Indus Valley script, which has been studied closely for more than half a century but has so far resisted all attempts at decoding)? It must be obvious that in such circumstances a written / Page 287 / legacy to the future would be of no value at all, because nobody would be able to make sense of it.
What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language, the kind of language that would be comprehensible to any technologically advanced society in any epoch, even a thousand or ten thousand years into the future. Such languages are few and far between, but mathematics is one of them - and the city of Teotihuacan may be the calling-card of a lost civilization written in the eternal language of mathematics.
Geodetic data, related to the exact positioning of fixed geographical points and to the shape and size of the earth, would also remain valid and recognizable for tens of thousands of years, and might be most conveniently expressed by means of cartography (or in the construction of giant geodetic monuments like the Great Pyramid of Egypt, as we shall see).
Another 'constant' in our solar system is the language of time: the great but regular intervals of time calibrated by the inch-worm creep of precessional motion. Now, or ten thousand years in the future, a message that prints out numbers like 72 or 2160 or 4320 or 25,920 should be instantly intelligible to any civilization that has evolved a modest talent for mathematics and the ability to detect and measure the almost imperceptible reverse wobble that the sun appears to make along the ecliptic against the background of the fixed stars..."

"What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language, the kind of language that would be comprehensible to any technologically advanced society in any epoch, even a thousand or ten thousand years into the future. Such languages are few and far between, but mathematics is one of them"

"WRITTEN IN THE ETERNAL LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS"

 

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9
-
1
4
3
8
5
9
5
8
9

 

 

1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
45
-
-
-
34
-
36
Add
458
197
44
4+5
-
-
-
3+4
-
3+6
Reduce
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
9
-
-
-
7
4
9
Deduce
17
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Produce
1+7
1+7
-
9
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence
8
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
45
-
-
-
34
-
36
Add
458
197
44
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
3+4
-
3+6
Reduce
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
7
4
9
Deduce
17
17
8
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Produce
1+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence
8
8
8
-
1
4
3
8
5
9
5
8
9

 

 

0
-
4
ZERO
8
5
9
6
-
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
1
-
3
ONE
6
5
5
-
-
=
16
1+6
=
7
-
7
2
-
3
TWO
2
5
6
-
-
=
13
1+3
=
4
-
4
3
-
5
THREE
2
8
9
5
5
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
4
-
4
FOUR
6
6
3
9
-
=
24
2+4
=
6
-
6
5
-
4
FIVE
6
9
4
5
-
=
24
2+4
=
6
-
6
6
-
3
SIX
1
9
6
-
-
=
16
1+6
=
7
-
7
7
-
5
SEVEN
1
5
4
5
5
=
20
2+0
=
2
-
2
8
-
5
EIGHT
5
9
7
8
2
=
31
3+1
=
4
-
4
9
-
4
NINE
5
9
5
5
-
=
24
2+4
=
6
-
6
45
-
40
Add
42
70
58
43
12
-
225
-
-
63
-
45
4+5
-
4+0
-
4+2
7+0
5+8
4+3
1+2
-
2+2+5
-
-
6+3
-
4+5
9
-
4
Reduce
6
7
13
7
3
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
4
Deduce
6
7
4
7
3
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

 

The Upside Down of the Downside Up

 

THE DEATH OF GODS IN ANCIENT EGYPT

Jane B. Sellars 1992

Page 204

"The overwhelming awe that accompanies the realization, of the measurable orderliness of the universe strikes modern man as well. Admiral Weiland E. Byrd, alone In the Antarctic for five months of polar darkness, wrote these phrases of intense feeling:

Here were the imponderable processes and forces of the cosmos, harmonious and soundless. Harmony, that was it! I could feel no doubt of oneness with the universe. The conviction came that the rhythm was too orderly. too harmonious, too perfect to be a product of blind chance - that, therefore there must be purpose in the whole and that man was part of that whole and not an accidental offshoot. It was a feeling that transcended reason; that went to the heart of man's despair and found it groundless. The universe was a cosmos, not a chaos; man was as rightfully a part of that cosmos as were the day and night.10

Returning to the account of the story of Osiris, son of Cronos god of' Measurable Time, Plutarch takes, pains to remind the reader of the original Egyptian year consisting of 360 days.

Phrases are used that prompt simple mental. calculations and an attention to numbers, for example, the 360-day year is described as being '12 months of 30 days each'. Then we are told that, Osiris leaves on a long journey, during which Seth, his evil brother, plots with 72 companions to slay Osiris: He also secretly obtained the measure of Osiris and made ready a chest in which to entrap him.

The, interesting thing about this part of the-account is that nowhere in the original texts of the Egyptians are we told that Seth, has 72 companions. We have already been encouraged to equate Osiris with the concept of measured time; his father being Cronos. It is also an observable fact that Cronos-Saturn has the longest sidereal period of the known planets at that time, an orbit. of 30 years. Saturn is absent from a specific constellation for that length of time.

A simple mathematical fact has been revealed to any that are even remotely sensitive to numbers: if you multiply 72 by 30, the years of Saturn's absence (and the mention of Osiris's absence prompts one to recall this other), the resulting product is 2,160: the number of years required, for one 30° shift, or a shift: through one complete sign of the zodiac. This number multplied by the /Page205 / 12 signs also gives 25,920. (And Plutarch has reminded us of 12)

If you multiply the unusual number 72 by 360, a number that Plutarch mentions several times, the product will be 25,920, again the number of years symbolizing the ultimate rebirth.

This 'Eternal Return' is the return of, say, Taurus to the position of marking the vernal equinox by 'riding in the solar bark with. Re' after having relinquished this honoured position to Aries, and subsequently to the to other zodiacal constellations.

Such a return after 25,920 years is indeed a revisit to a Golden Age, golden not only because of a remarkable symmetry In the heavens, but golden because it existed before the Egyptians experienced heaven's changeability.

But now to inform the reader of a fact he or she may already know. Hipparaus did: not really have the exact figures: he was a trifle off in his observations and calculations. In his published work, On the Displacement of the Solstitial and Equinoctial Signs, he gave figures of 45" to 46" a year, while the truer precessional lag along the ecliptic is about 50 seconds. The exact measurement for the lag, based on the correct annual lag of 50'274" is 1° in 71.6 years, or 36in 25,776 years, only 144 years less than the figure of 25,920.

With Hipparchus's incorrect figures a 'Great Year' takes from 28,173.9 to 28,800 years, Incorrect by a difference of from 2,397.9 years to 3,024.

Since Nicholas Copernicus (AD 1473-1543) has always been credited with giving the correct numbers (although Arabic astronomer Nasir al-Din Tusi,11 born AD 1201, is known to have fixed the Precession at 50°), we may correctly ask, and with justifiable astonishment 'Just whose information was Plutarch transmitting'

AN IMPORTANT POSTSCRIPT

Of course, using our own notational system, all the important numbers have digits that reduce to that amazing number 9 a number that has always delighted budding mathematician.

Page 206

Somewhere along the way, according to Robert Graves, 9 became the number of lunar wisdom.12

This number is found often in the mythologies of the world. the Viking god Odin hung for nine days and nights on the World Tree in order to acquire the secret of the runes, those magic symbols out of which writing and numbers grew. Only a terrible sacrifice would give away this secret, which conveyed upon its owner power and dominion over all, so Odin hung from his neck those long 9 days and nights over the 'bottomless abyss'. In the tree were 9 worlds, and another god was said to have been born of 9 mothers.

Robert Graves, in his White Goddess, Is intrigued by the seemingly recurring quality of the number 72 in early myth and ritual. Graves tells his reader that 72 is always connected with the number 5, which reflects, among other things, the five Celtic dialects that he was investigating. Of course, 5 x 72= 360, 360 x 72= 25,920. Five is also the number of the planets known to the ancient world, that is, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus Mercury.

Graves suggests a religious mystery bound up with two ancient Celtic 'Tree Alphabets' or cipher alphabets, which as genuine articles of Druidism were orally preserved and transmitted for centuries. He argues convincingly that the ancient poetry of Europe was ultimately based on what its composers believed to be magical principles, the rudiments of which formed a close religious secret for centuries. In time these were-garbled, discredited and forgotten.

Among the many signs of the transmission of special numbers he points out that the aggregate number of letter strokes for the complete 22-letter Ogham alphabet that he is studying is 72 and that this number is the multiple of 9, 'the number of lunar wisdom'. . . . he then mentions something about 'the seventy day season during which Venus moves successively from. maximum eastern elongation 'to inferior conjunction and maximum western elongation'.13

Page 207

"...Feniusa Farsa, Graves equates this hero with Dionysus Farsa has 72 assistants who helped him master the 72 languages created at the confusion of Babel, the tower of which is said to be built of 9 different materials

We are also reminded of the miraculous translation into Greek of the Five Books of Moses that was done by 72 scholars working for 72 days, Although the symbol for the Septuagint is LXX, legend, according to the fictional letter of Aristeas, records 72. The translation was done for Ptolemy Philadelphus (c.250 BC), by Hellenistic Jews, possibly from Alexandra.14

Graves did not know why this number was necessary, but he points out that he understands Frazer's Golden Bough to be a a book hinting that 'the secret involves the truth that the Christian dogma, and rituals, are the refinement of a great body of primitive beliefs, and that the only original element in Christianity- is the personality of Christ.15

Frances A. Yates, historian of Renaissance hermetisma tells, us the cabala had 72 angels through which the sephiroth (the powers of God) are believed to be approached, and further, she supplies the information that although the Cabala supplied a set of 48 conclusions purporting to confirm the Christian religion from the foundation of ancient wisdom, Pico Della Mirandola, a Renaissance magus, introduced instead 72, which were his 'own opinion' of the correct number. Yates writes, 'It is no accident there are seventy-two of Pico's Cabalist conclusions, for the conclusion shows that he knew something of the mystery of the Name of God with seventy-two letters.'16

In Hamlet's Mill de Santillarta adds the facts that 432,000 is the number of syllables in the Rig-Veda, which when multiplied by the soss (60) gives 25,920" (The reader is forgiven for a bit of laughter at this point)

Thee Bible has not escaped his pursuit. A prominent Assyriologist of the last century insisted that the total of the years recounted
mounted in Genesis for the lifetimes of patriarchs from the Flood also contained the needed secret numbers. (He showed that in the 1,656.years recounted in the Bible there are 86,400 7 day weeks, and dividing this number yields / Page 208 / 43,200.) In Indian yogic schools it is held that all living beings exhale and inhale 21,600 times a day, .multiply this by 2 and again we have.the necessary 432 digits.

Joseph Campbell discerns the secret in the date set for the coming of Patrick to Ireland. Myth-gives this date-as.- the interest-
ing number of AD.432.18

Whatever one may think-of some of these number coincidences, it becomes. difficult to escape the suspicion that many signs (number and otherwise) -indicate that early man observed the results.. of the movement of Precession . and that the-.transmission of this information was .considered of prime importance.

'With the awareness of the phenomenon, observers would certainly have tried for its measure, and such an endeavour would
have constituted the construction-of a 'Unified Field Theory' for nothing .less than Creation itself. Once determined, it would have been information worthy of secrecy and worthy of the passing on to future adepts.

But one last word about mankind's romance with number coincidences.The antagonist in John Updike's novel, Roger's Version, is a computer hacker, who, convinced.,that scientific evidence of God's existence is accumulating, endeavours to prove it by feeding -all the available scientific information. into a comuter. In his search for God 'breaking, through', he has become fascinated by certain numbers that have continually been cropping up. He explains them excitedly as 'the terms of Creation':

"...after a while I noticed that all over the sheet there seemed to hit these twenty-fours Jumping out at me. Two four; two,four.Planck time, for instance, divided by the radiation constant yields a figure near eight times ten again to the negative twenty-fourth, and the permittivity of free space, or electric constant, into the Bohr radiusekla almost exactly six times ten to the negative twenty-fourth. On positive side, the electromagnetic line-structure constant times Hubble radius - that is, the size of the universe as we now perceive it gives us something quite close to ten to the twenty-fourth, and the strong-force constant times the charge on the proton produces two point four times ten to the negative eighteenth, for another I began to circle twenty-four wherever it appeared on the Printout here' - he held it up. his piece of striped and striped wallpaper, decorated / Page 209 / with a number of scarlet circles - 'you can see it's more than random.'19
This inhabitant of the twentieth century is convinced that the striking occurrences of 2 and 4 reveal the sacred numbers by which God is speaking to us.

So much for any scorn directed to ancient man's fascination with number coincidences. That fascination is alive and well, Just a bit more incomprehensible"

 

 

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

Thomas Mann 1875 - 1955

Page 660

"In the evening, on the stroke of ten, they gathered privily, and in whispers mustered the apparatus Hermine had provided, consisting of a medium-sized round table without a cloth, placed in the centre of the room, with a wine glass upside-down upon it, the foot in the air. "Round the edge of the table, at regular intervals, were placed twenty-six little bone counters, each with a letter of the alphabet written on it in pen and ink."

"ROUND THE EDGE OF THE TABLE, AT REGULAR INTERVALS, WERE PLACED TWENTY-SIX LITTLE BONE COUNTERS. EACH WITH A LETTER OF THE ALPHABET WRITTEN ON IT IN PEN AND INK."

 

 

FINGERPRINTS OF THE GODS
 

G Hancock1995

Page 287

 

"What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language"

Page 287 

 "WHAT ONE WOULD LOOK FOR, THEREFORE, WOULD BE A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE"

 

LIGHT AND LIFE

 
Lars Olof Bjorn
 
1976
 

"BY WRITING THE 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A CERTAIN ORDER

ONE MAY PUT DOWN ALMOST ANY MESSAGE"

(THIS BOOK IS WRITTEN WITH THE SAME LETTERS AS THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA AND WINNIE THE POOH, ONLY THE ORDER OF THE LETTERS DIFFERS).

IN THE SAME WAY NATURE IS ABLE TO CONVEY WITH HER LANGUAGE HOW A CELL AND A WHOLE ORGANISM IS TO BE CONSTRUCTED AND HOW IT IS TO FUNCTION. NATURE HAS SUCCEEDED BETTER THAN WE HUMANS; FOR THE GENETIC CODE THERE IS ONLY ONE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE WHICH IS THE SAME IN A MAN, A BEAN PLANT AND A BACTERIUM.

 
THE DNA MESSAGE IN A HUMAN CELL COMPRISES ABOUT
 

1 000 000 000 'LETTERS'."

 

 

 AND DNA AND DNA AND DNA  AND DNA AND DNA AND DNA  AND DNA AND DNA AND DNA

 

 

All about the planets in our Solar System. The nine planets that orbit the sun are (in order from the sun): Mercury,Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, ... www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets

Our solar system consists of the sun, eight planets, moons, dwarf planets, an asteroid belt, comets, meteors, and others. The sun is the center of our solar system; the planets, their moons, the asteroids, comets, and other rocks and gas all orbit the sun.

The nine planets that orbit the sun are (in order from the sun): Mercury,Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto (a dwarf planet). A belt of asteroids (minor planets made of rock and metal) lies between Mars and Jupiter. These objects all orbit the sun in roughly circular orbits that lie in the same plane, the ecliptic (Pluto is an exception; it has an elliptical orbit tilted over 17° from the ecliptic).

 

 

LOOK AT THE NINES LOOK AT THE NINES LOOK AT THE NINES

THE NINES THE NINES THE NINES

 

 

OSIRIS LORD OF THE LABYRINTH

WHO ART THOU LORD

 

 

I

I SAY I

LOVE ORDER GODS ORDER I LOVE

 

 

-
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
7
RAINBOW
82
37
1
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
-
THE
33
15
6
-
R
18
9
9
-
A
1
1
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
N+B+O+W
54
18
9
-
L
12
3
3
-
I
9
9
9
-
G+H+T
35
17
8
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
54
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
5+4
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
6
-
9
5
9
-
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
`-
8
15
-
9
14
9
-
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
`-
-
-
13
-
-
-
4
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
8
15
13
9
14
9
4
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
8
6
4
9
5
9
4
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
--
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
-
-`-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-`-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
13
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
32
-
-
7
-
45
-
36
1+3
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
3+6
4
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
9
-
9
-
-
8
6
4
9
5
9
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
8
6
-
9
5
9
-
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
`-
8
15
-
9
14
9
-
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
=
8
`-
-
-
13
-
-
-
4
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
=
8
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
8
15
13
9
14
9
4
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
8
6
4
9
5
9
4
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
--
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
-`-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-`-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
32
-
-
7
-
45
-
36
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
3+6
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
9
-
9
-
8
6
4
9
5
9
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
8
6
-
9
5
9
-
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
`-
8
15
-
9
14
9
-
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
+
=
8
-
=
8
-
8
`-
-
-
13
-
-
-
4
+
=
8
-
=
8
-
8
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
8
15
13
9
14
9
4
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
9
-
8
6
4
9
5
9
4
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
-
-
-
-
-
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
4
+
=
-
-
-
12
1+2
3
-
-
O
-
-
-
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
-
+
=
-
-
-
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
M
-
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
4
-
5
-
-
+
=
-
-
-
9
-
9
-`-
-
-
-
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
+
=
-
-
-
9
-
9
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
32
-
-
45
-
27
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
4+5
-
2+7
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
5
-
-
9
-
9
-
8
6
4
9
5
9
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
H
O
M
I
N
I
D
-
-
5
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
8
H
U
M
A
N
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
-
4
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
+
=
31
3+1
=
4
-
4
-
8
H
U
M
A
N
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
1
-
-
2
7
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
-
8
-
-
-
21
13
1
-
-
20
25
+
=
80
8+0
=
8
-
8
-
8
H
U
M
A
N
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
8
21
13
1
14
9
20
25
+
=
111
1+1+1
=
3
-
3
-
-
8
3
4
1
5
9
2
7
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
-
8
H
U
M
A
N
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
6
8
H
U
M
A
N
I
T
Y
-
-
39
-
-
8
-
39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
3+9
-
-
-
-
3+9
6
8
H
U
M
A
N
I
T
Y
-
-
12
-
-
8
-
12
-
-
8
3
4
1
5
9
2
7
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+2
6
6
H
U
M
A
N
I
T
Y
-
-
9
-
-
6
-
9

 

 

 

 

-
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
30
3+0
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
-
3
4
1
-
-
9
1
3
5
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
20
-
5
-
-
21
13
1
-
-
18
1
3
5
+
=
87
8+7
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
8
21
13
1
14
-
18
1
3
5
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
9
1
3
5
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
--
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
--
--
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
13
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
32
-
-
12
-
54
-
36
1+3
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+2
-
5+4
-
3+6
4
3
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
5
-
-
3
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
9
1
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
3
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
5
-
-
3
-
9
-
9

 

 

12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
30
3+0
=
3
=
3
=
3
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
-
3
4
1
-
-
9
1
3
5
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
20
-
5
-
-
21
13
1
-
-
18
1
3
5
+
=
87
8+7
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
8
21
13
1
14
-
18
1
3
5
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
2
8
5
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
9
1
3
5
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
32
-
-
12
-
54
-
36
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+2
-
5+4
-
3+6
3
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
5
-
-
3
-
9
-
9
-
2
8
5
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
9
1
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
R
A
C
E
-
-
5
-
-
3
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
HUMAN EMBRYO
-
-
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
6
EMBRYO
78
33
6
11
HUMAN EMBRYO
135
54
9
1+1
-
1+8+9
5+4
1+8
2
HUMAN EMBRYO
9
9
9

 

 

-
11
H
U
M
A
N
-
E
M
B
R
Y
O
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
11
H
U
M
A
N
-
E
M
B
R
Y
O
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
1
-
-
5
4
2
9
7
-
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
21
13
1
-
-
5
13
2
18
25
-
+
=
98
9+8
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
-
11
H
U
M
A
N
-
E
M
B
R
Y
O
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
21
13
1
14
-
5
13
2
18
25
15
+
=
135
1+3+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
5
4
2
9
7
6
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
11
H
U
M
A
N
-
E
M
B
R
Y
O
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
2
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-`
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
=
9
45
11
H
U
M
A
N
-
E
M
B
R
Y
O
-
-
45
-
-
11
-
54
-
45
4+5
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
1+2
-
5+4
-
4+5
9
2
H
U
M
A
N
-
E
M
B
R
Y
O
-
-
9
-
-
2
-
9
-
9
-
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
5
4
2
9
7
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2
H
U
M
A
N
-
E
M
B
R
Y
O
-
-
9
-
-
2
-
9
-
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
6
GENOME
59
32
5
14
First Total
149
68
14
1+4
Add to Reduce
1+4+9
6+8
1+4
5
Second Total
14
14
5
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
`-
5
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

-
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
+
=
32
3+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
+
=
59
5+9
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
-
3
4
1
-
-
7
5
-
-
4
5
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
20
-
5
-
-
21
13
1
-
-
7
5
-
-
13
5
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
14
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
8
21
13
1
14
-
7
5
14
15
13
5
+
=
149
1+4+9
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
-
2
8
5
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
7
5
5
6
4
5
+
=
68
6+8
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
12
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
14
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
-
-
36
-
-
14
-
68
-
41
-
1+4
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
3+6
-
-
1+4
-
6+8
-
4+1
9
5
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
14
-
5
-
-
2
8
5
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
7
5
5
6
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
9
5
T
H
E
-
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
5
-
5

 

 

1
A
1
1
1
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
6
GENOME
59
32
5
12
Add to Reduce
117
54
9
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+1+7
5+4
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

3
AND
19
10
1
3
DNA
19
10
1

 

 

-
12
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
1
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
19
+
=
70
7+0
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
12
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
1
-
-
7
5
-
-
4
5
-
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
-
21
13
1
-
-
7
5
-
-
13
5
-
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
12
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
21
13
1
14
-
7
5
14
15
13
5
19
+
=
135
1+3+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
7
5
5
6
4
5
1
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
12
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
-
-
11
12
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
34
-
-
12
-
54
-
36
1+1
1+2
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+2
-
5+4
-
3+6
2
3
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
7
-
-
3
-
9
-
9
-
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
7
5
5
6
4
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
2
3
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
7
-
-
3
-
9
-
9

 

 

2
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
1
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
8
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
19
+
=
70
7+0
=
7
=
7
=
7
12
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
1
-
-
7
5
-
-
4
5
-
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
21
13
1
-
-
7
5
-
-
13
5
-
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
12
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
8
21
13
1
14
-
7
5
14
15
13
5
19
+
=
135
1+3+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
7
5
5
6
4
5
1
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
12
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
12
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
34
-
-
12
-
54
-
36
1+2
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+2
-
5+4
-
3+6
3
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
7
-
-
3
-
9
-
9
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
7
5
5
6
4
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
3
H
U
M
A
N
-
G
E
N
O
M
E
S
-
-
7
-
-
3
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
-
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
1
-
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
21
13
1
-
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
-
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
8
21
13
1
14
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
8
3
4
1
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
24
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
21
-
-
5
-
21
2+4
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
2+1
6
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
3
-
-
5
-
3

 

 

5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
-
8
-
-
-
14
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
3
4
1
-
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
-
21
13
1
-
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
8
21
13
1
14
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
-
8
3
4
1
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
21
-
-
5
-
21
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
2+1
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
-
3
-
-
5
-
3

 

 

 

-
ALL IS NUMBER
-
-
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
2
IS
28
10
1
6
NUMBER
73
28
1
11
ALL IS NUMBER
126
45
9
1+1
-
1+2+6
4+5
-
2
ALL IS NUMBER
9
9
9

 

 

 

 

-
HANUMAN
-
-
-
2
H+A
9
9
9
5
N+A+M+U+N
63
18
9
7
HANUMAN
72
27
18
-
-
7+2
2+7
1+8
7
HANUMAN
9
9
9

 

 

Hanuman - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Hanuman

Hanuman also called Anjaneya (Sanskrit: ???????), is a Hindu god and a divine vanara companion of the god Rama. Hanuman is one of the central ...Hanuman (/'h?n??m??n/; Sanskrit: ???????, IAST: Hanuman),[7] also called Anjaneya (Sanskrit: ???????),[8] is a Hindu god and a divine vanara companion of the god Rama. Hanuman is one of the central characters of the Hindu epic Ramayana. He is an ardent devotee of Rama and one of the Chiranjivis. Hanuman is regarded to be the son of the wind-god Vayu, who in several stories played a direct role in Hanuman's birth,[6][9] and considered to be an incarnation of Shiva in Shaivism. Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts, such as the epic Mahabharata and the various Puranas.

Evidence of devotional worship to Hanuman is largely absent in these texts, as well as in most archeological sites. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist, the theological significance of Hanuman and devotional dedication to him emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent.[10] Lutgendorf also writes that the skills in Hanuman's resume also seem to derive in part from his windy patrimony, reflecting Vayu's role in both body and cosmos.[11] Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas have positioned Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution.[12] The Vaishnava saint Madhava said that whenever Vishnu incarnates on earth, Vayu accompanies him and aids his work of preserving dharma.[13] In the modern era, Hanuman's iconography and temples have been increasingly common.[14] He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti.[15] In later literature, he is sometimes portrayed as the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling and acrobatics, as well as activities such as meditation and diligent scholarship.[2] He symbolises the human excellences of inner self-control, faith, and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a Vanara.[14][16][17] Hanuman is considered to be a bachelor and an exemplary celibate.[18]
Some scholars have identified Hanuman as one potential inspiration for Sun Wukong, the Monkey King character in the Chinese epic adventure Journey to the West.[19][

Statue of God Hanuman
Devanagari
Sanskrit transliteration
Hanuman
Affiliation
Devotee of Rama, Deva, Vanara,[2] Avatar of Vayu, Mukhyaprana[3]
Abode
Kishkindha
Mantra
(Om Sri Hanumate Namah)
Weapon
Gada (mace)
Texts
Ramayana and its other versions, Hanuman

 

7
HANUMAN
72
27
9
4
NAME
33
15
6
1
U
21
12
3
5
HUMAN
57
21
3

 

 

7
HANUMAN
-
-
-
2
AN
15
6
6
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
7
HANUMAN
72
27
9

 

 

5
HUMAN
57
21
3
3
ALL
25
7
7
3
TOO
50
14
5
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
16
First Total
189
63
18
1+6
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
6+3
1+8
7
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

- CONSCIENCE

-

-

-
2 C+O

18

9

9
3 N+S+C

36

18

9
1 I

9

9

9
4 E+N+C+E

27

18

9
10 CONSCIENCE

90

54

36
1+0
- 9+0 5+4 3+6
1 CONSCIENCE

9

9 9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
10
CONSCIENCE
90
54
9
18
Add to Reduce
180
90
18
1+8
Reduce to Deduce
1+8+0
9+0
1+8
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

4
HOLY
42
24
6
3
THE
33
15
6
10
CONSCIENCE
90
54
9
2
OF
21
12
3
4
MYTH
66
21
3

 

 

I

ME

GODS BUD GODS

ASTRAL

PROJECTIONS

ABOVE

AND

BEYOND

 

 

-
3
B
U
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
2
21
4
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
-
-
2
3
4
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
3
B
U
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
2
21
4
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
-
-
2
3
4
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
3
B
U
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
TWO
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
36
3
B
U
D
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9
3+6
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
3
B
U
D
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9

 

 

3
B
U
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
2
21
4
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
-
2
3
4
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
3
B
U
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
2
21
4
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
-
2
3
4
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
3
B
U
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
3
B
U
D
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
B
U
D
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
5
MEDIA
32
23
5

 

 

7
IMAGINE
58
40
4
1
I
9
9
9
6
ENIGMA
49
31
4

 

 

-
14
H
U
M
A
N
-
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
`U
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
8
-
-
9
6
-
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
8
-
-
9
15
-
-
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
14
H
U
M
A
N
-
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
U
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
1
-
-
2
5
-
1
4
-
-
3
9
+
=
32
3+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
21
13
1
-
-
2
5
-
1
22
-
-
21
18
+
=
104
1+0+4
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
14
H
U
M
A
N
-
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
U
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
21
13
1
14
-
2
5
8
1
22
9
15
21
18
+
=
158
1+5+8
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
2
5
8
1
4
9
6
3
9
+
=
68
6+8
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
14
H
U
M
A
N
-
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
U
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-`
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
7
14
H
U
M
A
N
-
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
U
R
-
-
38
-
-
14
-
68
-
41
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
3+8
-
-
1+4
-
6+8
-
4+1
7
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
U
R
-
-
11
-
-
5
-
14
-
5
-
-
8
3
4
1
5
-
2
5
8
1
4
9
6
3
9
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
7
5
H
U
M
A
N
-
B
E
H
A
V
I
O
U
R
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
5
-
5

 

 

5
HUMAN
57
21
3
9
BEHAVIOUR
101
47
2
14
First Total
158
68
5
1+4
Add to Reduce
1+5+8
6+8
-
5
Second Total
14
14
5
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
`-
5
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

I
=
9
11
INSTINCTIVE
144
54
9
C
=
3
10
CONSCIENCE
90
45
9
-
-
12
21
First Total
234
99
18
-
-
1+2
2+1
Add to Reduce
2+3+4
9+9
1+8
-
-
3
3
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
3
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

4
LOVE
54
18
9
2
IS
28
10
1
1
A
1
1
1
4
MANY
53
17
8
11
SPLENDOURED
133
52
7
5
THING
58
31
4
27
First Total
327
129
30
2+7
Add to Reduce
3+2+7
1+2+9
3+0
9
Second Total
12
12
3
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2
1+2
`-
9
Essence of Number
3
3
3

 

 

-
15
P
E
R
P
E
T
U
A
L
-
M
O
T
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
6
5
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
9
15
14
+
=
53
5+3
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
15
P
E
R
P
E
T
U
A
L
-
M
O
T
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
5
9
7
5
2
3
1
3
-
4
-
2
-
-
-
+
=
48
4+8
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
16
5
18
16
5
20
21
1
12
-
13
-
20
-
-
-
+
=
147
1+4+7
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
15
P
E
R
P
E
T
U
A
L
-
M
O
T
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
5
18
16
5
20
21
1
12
-
13
15
20
9
15
14
+
=
200
2+0+0
=
2
-
2
=
2
-
-
7
5
9
7
5
2
3
1
3
-
4
6
2
9
6
5
+
=
74
7+4
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
15
P
E
R
P
E
T
U
A
L
-
M
O
T
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
=
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
=
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
8
15
P
E
R
P
E
T
U
A
L
-
M
O
T
I
O
N
-
-
37
-
-
15
-
74
-
38
-
1+5
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+5
-
7+4
-
3+8
8
6
P
E
R
P
E
T
U
A
L
-
M
O
T
I
O
N
-
-
10
-
-
6
-
11
-
11
-
-
7
5
9
7
5
2
3
1
3
-
4
6
2
9
6
5
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+1
8
6
P
E
R
P
E
T
U
A
L
-
M
O
T
I
O
N
-
-
1
-
-
6
-
2
-
2

 

 

E
=
5
-
5
EARTH
52
25
7
F
=
6
-
4
FIRE
38
29
2
A
=
1
-
3
AIR
28
19
1
W
=
5
-
5
WATER
67
22
4
-
-
17
-
17
Add
185
95
14
-
-
1+7
-
1+7
Reduce
1+8+5
9+5
1+4
-
-
8
-
8
Total
14
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
Deduce
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
8
-
8
Essence
5
5
5

 

 

--
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
--
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
9
2
-
-
6
-
9
5
-
1
-
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
-
5
1
18
20
-
-
6
-
18
5
-
1
-
18
-
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
159
1+5+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
--
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
18
20
8
-
6
9
18
5
-
1
9
18
-
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
185
1+8+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
-
5
1
9
2
8
-
6
9
9
5
-
1
9
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
6
=
36
3+6
9
14
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
31
-
-
17
-
95
-
32
1+4
1+7
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
3+1
-
-
1+7
-
9+5
-
3+2
5
8
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
14
-
5
-
-
5
1
9
2
8
-
6
9
9
5
-
1
9
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
3+2
5
8
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
5
-
5

 

 

17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
9
2
-
-
6
-
9
5
-
1
-
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
5
1
18
20
-
-
6
-
18
5
-
1
-
18
-
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
159
1+5+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
18
20
8
-
6
9
18
5
-
1
9
18
-
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
185
1+8+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
5
1
9
2
8
-
6
9
9
5
-
1
9
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
6
=
36
3+6
9
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
31
-
-
17
-
95
-
32
1+7
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
3+1
-
-
1+7
-
9+5
-
3+2
8
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
14
-
5
-
5
1
9
2
8
-
6
9
9
5
-
1
9
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
3+2
8
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
5
-
5

 

 

17
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
17
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
9
2
-
6
-
9
5
1
-
9
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
5
1
18
20
-
6
-
18
5
1
-
18
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
159
1+5+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
17
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
18
20
8
6
9
18
5
1
9
18
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
185
1+8+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
5
1
9
2
8
6
9
9
5
1
9
9
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
17
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
6
=
36
3+6
9
17
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
31
-
-
17
-
95
-
32
1+7
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
3+1
-
-
1+7
-
9+5
-
3+2
8
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
14
-
5
-
5
1
9
2
8
6
9
9
5
1
9
9
5
1
2
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
3+2
8
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
5
-
5

 

 

N
=
5
-
5
NORTH
75
30
3
S
=
1
-
5
SOUTH
83
20
2
E
=
5
-
4
EAST
45
9
9
W
=
5
-
4
WEST
67
13
4
-
-
17
-
18
Add
270
72
18
-
-
1+7
-
1+8
Reduce
2+7+0
7+2
1+8
-
-
8
-
9
Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

-
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
8
-
1
6
-
-
8
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
14
15
-
-
8
-
19
15
-
-
8
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
4
=
9
=
9
-
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2
-
-
-
-
3
2
-
-
5
1
-
2
-
5
5
-
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
18
20
-
-
-
-
21
20
-
-
5
1
-
20
-
23
5
-
20
+
=
153
1+5+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
18
20
8
-
19
15
21
20
8
-
5
1
19
20
-
23
5
19
20
+
=
270
2+7+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
6
9
2
8
-
1
6
3
2
8
-
5
1
1
2
-
5
5
1
2
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
--
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
4
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
3
--
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
--
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
11
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
34
-
-
18
-
72
-
36
1+1
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+8
-
7+2
-
3+6
2
9
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
5
6
9
2
8
-
1
6
3
2
8
-
5
1
1
2
-
5
5
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
9
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9

 

 

18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
8
-
1
6
-
-
8
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
14
15
-
-
8
-
19
15
-
-
8
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
4
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2
-
-
-
-
3
2
-
-
5
1
-
2
-
5
5
-
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
18
20
-
-
-
-
21
20
-
-
5
1
-
20
-
23
5
-
20
+
=
153
1+5+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
18
20
8
-
19
15
21
20
8
-
5
1
19
20
-
23
5
19
20
+
=
270
2+7+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
6
9
2
8
-
1
6
3
2
8
-
5
1
1
2
-
5
5
1
2
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
--
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
4
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
3
--
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
--
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
34
-
-
18
-
72
-
36
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+8
-
7+2
-
3+6
9
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
5
6
9
2
8
-
1
6
3
2
8
-
5
1
1
2
-
5
5
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9

 

 

18
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
8
1
6
-
-
8
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
14
15
-
-
8
19
15
-
-
8
-
-
19
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
4
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2
-
-
-
3
2
-
5
1
-
2
5
5
-
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
18
20
-
-
-
21
20
-
5
1
-
20
23
5
-
20
+
=
153
1+5+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
18
20
8
19
15
21
20
8
5
1
19
20
23
5
19
20
+
=
270
2+7+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
6
9
2
8
1
6
3
2
8
5
1
1
2
5
5
1
2
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
--
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
4
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
3
--
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
--
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
34
-
-
18
-
72
-
36
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+8
-
7+2
-
3+6
9
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
5
6
9
2
8
1
6
3
2
8
5
1
1
2
5
5
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9

 

 

 

Algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and ...

 

A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
1
M+S
32
14
5
A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
50
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+9
5+0
A
=
1
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
A
=
1
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5

 

 

A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
49
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
13
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
13
13
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
4
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
4
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBERS REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBERS REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

SO READ ME ONCE AND READ ME TWICE AND READ ME ONCE AGAIN ITS BEEN A LONG LONG TIME

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

M
=
4
-
4
MIND
40
22
4
S
=
1
-
6
SPIRIT
91
37
1
M
=
4
-
6
MATTER
77
23
5
-
-
9
4
16
First Total
208
82
10
-
-
-
-
1+6
Add to Reduce
2+0+8
8+2
1+0
-
-
9
-
7
Second Total
10
10
1
-
-
-
4
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
9
5
7
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5

 

Artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Artificial_intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence ...
History · Artificial intelligence in fiction · Weak artificial intelligence · AI effect

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by non-human animals and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech recognition, computer vision, translation between (natural) languages, as well as other mappings of inputs.

AI applications include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google Search), recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon and Netflix), understanding human speech (such as Siri and Alexa), self-driving cars (e.g., Waymo), automated decision-making and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go).[1] As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require "intelligence" are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect.[2] For instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from things considered to be AI,[3] having become a routine technology.[4]

Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and in the years since has experienced several waves of optimism,[5][6] followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an "AI winter"),[7][8] followed by new approaches, success and renewed funding.[6][9] AI research has tried and discarded many different approaches since its founding, including simulating the brain, modeling human problem solving, formal logic, large databases of knowledge and imitating animal behavior. In the first decades of the 21st century, highly mathematical-statistical machine learning has dominated the field, and this technique has proved highly successful, helping to solve many challenging problems throughout industry and academia.[9][10]

The various sub-fields of AI research are centered around particular goals and the use of particular tools. The traditional goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception, and the ability to move and manipulate objects.[a] General intelligence (the ability to solve an arbitrary problem) is among the field's long-term goals.[11] To solve these problems, AI researchers have adapted and integrated a wide range of problem-solving techniques – including search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, probability and economics. AI also draws upon computer science, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and many other fields.

The field was founded on the assumption that human intelligence "can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it".[b] This raised philosophical arguments about the mind and the ethical consequences of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence; these issues have previously been explored by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity.[13] Computer scientists and philosophers have since suggested that AI may become an existential risk to humanity if its rational capacities are not steered towards beneficial goals.[c]

HISTORY
Artificial beings with intelligence appeared as storytelling devices in antiquity,[14] and have been common in fiction, as in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or Karel Capek's R.U.R.[15] These characters and their fates raised many of the same issues now discussed in the ethics of artificial intelligence.[16]

The study of mechanical or "formal" reasoning began with philosophers and mathematicians in antiquity. The study of mathematical logic led directly to Alan Turing's theory of computation, which suggested that a machine, by shuffling symbols as simple as "0" and "1", could simulate any conceivable act of mathematical deduction. This insight that digital computers can simulate any process of formal reasoning is known as the Church–Turing thesis.[17] This, along with concurrent discoveries in neurobiology, information theory and cybernetics, led researchers to consider the possibility of building an electronic brain.[18] The first work that is now generally recognized as AI was McCullouch and Pitts' 1943 formal design for Turing-complete "artificial neurons".[19]

By the 1950s, two visions for how to achieve machine intelligence emerged. One vision, known as Symbolic AI or GOFAI, was to use computers to create a symbolic representation of the world and systems that could reason about the world. Proponents included Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Marvin Minsky. Closely associated with this approach was the "heuristic search" approach, which likened intelligence to a problem of exploring a space of possibilities for answers. The second vision, known as the connectionist approach, sought to achieve intelligence through learning. Proponents of this approach, most prominently Frank Rosenblatt, sought to connect Perceptron in ways inspired by connections of neurons.[20] James Manyika and others have compared the two approaches to the mind (Symbolic AI) and the brain (connectionist). Manyika argues that symbolic approaches dominated the push for artificial intelligence in this period, due in part to its connection to intellectual traditions of Descartes, Boole, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, and others. Connectionist approaches based on cybernetics or artificial neural networks were pushed to the background but have gained new prominence in recent decades.[21]

The field of AI research was born at a workshop at Dartmouth College in 1956.[d][24] The attendees became the founders and leaders of AI research.[e] They and their students produced programs that the press described as "astonishing":[f] computers were learning checkers strategies, solving word problems in algebra, proving logical theorems and speaking English.[g][26] By the middle of the 1960s, research in the U.S. was heavily funded by the Department of Defense[27] and laboratories had been established around the world.[28]

Researchers in the 1960s and the 1970s were convinced that symbolic approaches would eventually succeed in creating a machine with artificial general intelligence and considered this the goal of their field.[29] Herbert Simon predicted, "machines will be capable, within twenty years, of doing any work a man can do".[30] Marvin Minsky agreed, writing, "within a generation ... the problem of creating 'artificial intelligence' will substantially be solved".[31] They had failed to recognize the difficulty of some of the remaining tasks. Progress slowed and in 1974, in response to the criticism of Sir James Lighthill[32] and ongoing pressure from the US Congress to fund more productive projects, both the U.S. and British governments cut off exploratory research in AI. The next few years would later be called an "AI winter", a period when obtaining funding for AI projects was difficult.[7]

In the early 1980s, AI research was revived by the commercial success of expert systems,[33] a form of AI program that simulated the knowledge and analytical skills of human experts. By 1985, the market for AI had reached over a billion dollars. At the same time, Japan's fifth generation computer project inspired the U.S. and British governments to restore funding for academic research.[6] However, beginning with the collapse of the Lisp Machine market in 1987, AI once again fell into disrepute, and a second, longer-lasting winter began.[8]

Many researchers began to doubt that the symbolic approach would be able to imitate all the processes of human cognition, especially perception, robotics, learning and pattern recognition. A number of researchers began to look into "sub-symbolic" approaches to specific AI problems.[34] Robotics researchers, such as Rodney Brooks, rejected symbolic AI and focused on the basic engineering problems that would allow robots to move, survive, and learn their environment.[h] Interest in neural networks and "connectionism" was revived by Geoffrey Hinton, David Rumelhart and others in the middle of the 1980s.[39] Soft computing tools were developed in the 1980s, such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, Grey system theory, evolutionary computation and many tools drawn from statistics or mathematical optimization.

AI gradually restored its reputation in the late 1990s and early 21st century by finding specific solutions to specific problems. The narrow focus allowed researchers to produce verifiable results, exploit more mathematical methods, and collaborate with other fields (such as statistics, economics and mathematics).[40] By 2000, solutions developed by AI researchers were being widely used, although in the 1990s they were rarely described as "artificial intelligence".[10]

Faster computers, algorithmic improvements, and access to large amounts of data enabled advances in machine learning and perception; data-hungry deep learning methods started to dominate accuracy benchmarks around 2012.[41] According to Bloomberg's Jack Clark, 2015 was a landmark year for artificial intelligence, with the number of software projects that use AI within Google increased from a "sporadic usage" in 2012 to more than 2,700 projects.[i] He attributes this to an increase in affordable neural networks, due to a rise in cloud computing infrastructure and to an increase in research tools and datasets.[9] In a 2017 survey, one in five companies reported they had "incorporated AI in some offerings or processes".[42] The amount of research into AI (measured by total publications) increased by 50% in the years 2015–2019.[43]

Numerous academic researchers became concerned that AI was no longer pursuing the original goal of creating versatile, fully intelligent machines. Much of current research involves statistical AI, which is overwhelmingly used to solve specific problems, even highly successful techniques such as deep learning.
This concern has led to the subfield of artificial general intelligence (or "AGI"), which had several well-funded institutions by the 2010s.[

PHILOSOPHY

Defining artificial intelligence

Main articles: Turing test, Intelligent agent, Dartmouth workshop, and Synthetic intelligence

Alan Turing wrote in 1950 "I propose to consider the question 'can machines think'?"[155] He advised changing the question from whether a machine "thinks", to "whether or not it is possible for machinery to show intelligent behaviour".[155] He devised the Turing test, which measures the ability of a machine to simulate human conversation.[156] Since we can only observe the behavior of the machine, it does not matter if it is "actually" thinking or literally has a "mind". Turing notes that we can not determine these things about other people[p] but "it is usual to have a polite convention that everyone thinks"[157]

Russell and Norvig agree with Turing that AI must be defined in terms of "acting" and not "thinking".[158] However, they are critical that the test compares machines to people. "Aeronautical engineering texts," they wrote, "do not define the goal of their field as making 'machines that fly so exactly like pigeons that they can fool other pigeons.'"[159] AI founder John McCarthy agreed, writing that "Artificial intelligence is not, by definition, simulation of human intelligence".[160]

McCarthy defines intelligence as "the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world."[161] Another AI founder, Marvin Minsky similarly defines it as "the ability to solve hard problems".[162] These definitions view intelligence in terms of well-defined problems with well-defined solutions, where both the difficulty of the problem and the performance of the program are direct measures of the "intelligence" of the machine—and no other philosophical discussion is required, or may not even be possible.

A definition that has also been adopted by Google[163][better source needed] - major practitionary in the field of AI. This definition stipulated the ability of systems to synthesize information as the manifestation of intelligence, similar to the way it is defined in biological intelligence.

Evaluating approaches to AI

Machine consciousness, sentience and mind

Main articles: Philosophy of artificial intelligence and Artificial consciousness

The philosophy of mind does not know whether a machine can have a mind, consciousness and mental states, in the same sense that human beings do. This issue considers the internal experiences of the machine, rather than its external behavior. Mainstream AI research considers this issue irrelevant because it does not affect the goals of the field. Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig observe that most AI researchers "don't care about the [philosophy of AI] – as long as the program works, they don't care whether you call it a simulation of intelligence or real intelligence."[176] However, the question has become central to the philosophy of mind. It is also typically the central question at issue in artificial intelligence in fiction.

Consciousness

Main articles: Hard problem of consciousness and Theory of mind

David Chalmers identified two problems in understanding the mind, which he named the "hard" and "easy" problems of consciousness.[177] The easy problem is understanding how the brain processes signals, makes plans and controls behavior. The hard problem is explaining how this feels or why it should feel like anything at all. Human information processing is easy to explain, however, human subjective experience is difficult to explain. For example, it is easy to imagine a color-blind person who has learned to identify which objects in their field of view are red, but it is not clear what would be required for the person to know what red looks like.[178]


Future

Superintelligence

Main articles: Superintelligence, Technological singularity, and Transhumanism

A superintelligence, hyperintelligence, or superhuman intelligence, is a hypothetical agent that would possess intelligence far surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human mind. Superintelligence may also refer to the form or degree of intelligence possessed by such an agent.[175]

If research into artificial general intelligence produced sufficiently intelligent software, it might be able to reprogram and improve itself. The improved software would be even better at improving itself, leading to recursive self-improvement.[187] Its intelligence would increase exponentially in an intelligence explosion and could dramatically surpass humans. Science fiction writer Vernor Vinge named this scenario the "singularity".[188] Because it is difficult or impossible to know the limits of intelligence or the capabilities of superintelligent machines, the technological singularity is an occurrence beyond which events are unpredictable or even unfathomable.[189]

Robot designer Hans Moravec, cyberneticist Kevin Warwick, and inventor Ray Kurzweil have predicted that humans and machines will merge in the future into cyborgs that are more capable and powerful than either. This idea, called transhumanism, has roots in Aldous Huxley and Robert Ettinger.[190]

Edward Fredkin argues that "artificial intelligence is the next stage in evolution", an idea first proposed by Samuel Butler's "Darwin among the Machines" as far back as 1863, and expanded upon by George Dyson in his book of the same name in 1998.[191]

Risks

Bad actors and weaponized AI

Main articles: Lethal autonomous weapon and Artificial intelligence arms race

AI provides a number of tools that are particularly useful for authoritarian governments: smart spyware, face recognition and voice recognition allow widespread surveillance; such surveillance allows machine learning to classify potential enemies of the state and can prevent them from hiding; recommendation systems can precisely target propaganda and misinformation for maximum effect; deepfakes aid in producing misinformation; advanced AI can make centralized decision making more competitive with liberal and decentralized systems such as markets.[198]

Terrorists, criminals and rogue states may use other forms of weaponized AI such as advanced digital warfare and lethal autonomous weapons. By 2015, over fifty countries were reported to be researching battlefield robots.[199]

Machine-learning AI is also able to design tens of thousands of toxic molecules in a matter of hours.[200]

Algorithmic bias

Main article: Algorithmic bias

AI programs can become biased after learning from real-world data. It is not typically introduced by the system designers but is learned by the program, and thus the programmers are often unaware that the bias exists.[201] Bias can be inadvertently introduced by the way training data is selected.[202] It can also emerge from correlations: AI is used to classify individuals into groups and then make predictions assuming that the individual will resemble other members of the group. In some cases, this assumption may be unfair.[203] An example of this is COMPAS, a commercial program widely used by U.S. courts to assess the likelihood of a defendant becoming a recidivist. ProPublica claims that the COMPAS-assigned recidivism risk level of black defendants is far more likely to be overestimated than that of white defendants, despite the fact that the program was not told the races of the defendants.[204] Other examples where algorithmic bias can lead to unfair outcomes are when AI is used for credit rating or hiring.

At its 2022 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (ACM FAccT 2022) the Association for Computing Machinery, in Seoul, South Korea, presented and published findings recommending that until AI and robotics systems are demonstrated to be free of bias mistakes, they are unsafe and the use of self-learning neural networks trained on vast, unregulated sources of flawed internet data should be curtailed.[205]

Existential risk

Main articles: Existential risk from artificial general intelligence and AI alignment

Superintelligent AI may be able to improve itself to the point that humans could not control it. This could, as physicist Stephen Hawking puts it, "spell the end of the human race".[206] Philosopher Nick Bostrom argues that sufficiently intelligent AI, if it chooses actions based on achieving some goal, will exhibit convergent behavior such as acquiring resources or protecting itself from being shut down. If this AI's goals do not fully reflect humanity's, it might need to harm humanity to acquire more resources or prevent itself from being shut down, ultimately to better achieve its goal. He concludes that AI poses a risk to mankind, however humble or "friendly" its stated goals might be.[207] Political scientist Charles T. Rubin argues that "any sufficiently advanced benevolence may be indistinguishable from malevolence." Humans should not assume machines or robots would treat us favorably because there is no a priori reason to believe that they would share our system of morality.[208]

The opinion of experts and industry insiders is mixed, with sizable fractions both concerned and unconcerned by risk from eventual superhumanly-capable AI.[209] Stephen Hawking, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, history professor Yuval Noah Harari, and SpaceX founder Elon Musk have all expressed serious misgivings about the future of AI.[210] Prominent tech titans including Peter Thiel (Amazon Web Services) and Musk have committed more than $1 billion to nonprofit companies that champion responsible AI development, such as OpenAI and the Future of Life Institute.[211] Mark Zuckerberg (CEO, Facebook) has said that artificial intelligence is helpful in its current form and will continue to assist humans.[212] Other experts argue is that the risks are far enough in the future to not be worth researching, or that humans will be valuable from the perspective of a superintelligent machine.[213] Rodney Brooks, in particular, has said that "malevolent" AI is still centuries away.[u]

 

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ARTIFICIAL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
3
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
F
=
6
5
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
7
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
=
1
9
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
52
-
16
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
52
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
INTELLIGENC
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
15
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
16
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
17
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
G
=
7
18
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
21
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
22
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
61
-
16
INTELLIGENC
115
61
61
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
15
4
25
6
7
8
54
-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
2+5
-
-
-
5+4
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
6
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
T
=
2
3
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
F
=
6
5
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
C
=
3
7
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
A
=
1
9
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
15
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
16
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
17
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
G
=
7
18
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
8
-
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
21
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
22
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
15
4
25
6
7
8
54
-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
2+5
-
-
-
5+4
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
6
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
9
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
3
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
7
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
15
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
16
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
21
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
22
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
F
=
6
5
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
18
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
17
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
15
4
25
6
7
8
54
-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
2+5
-
-
-
5+4
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
6
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
5
6
7
9
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
1
2
3
5
6
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
9
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
3
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
7
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
15
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
16
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
21
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
22
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
F
=
6
5
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
G
=
7
18
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
17
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
15
25
6
7
54
-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
2+5
-
-
5+4
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
2
4
6
7
6
7
9
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
2
4
6
7
6
7
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5
-
2
4
6
7
6
6
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9

 

SO READ ME ONCE AND READ ME TWICE AND READ ME ONCE AGAIN ITS BEEN A LONG LONG TIME

 

-
-
-
-
11

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

-
-
-
G
=
7
-
6
GLORIA
62
35
8
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
E
=
5
-
8
EXCELSIS
96
33
6
-
-
21
-
16

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

181
82
19
-
-
2+1
-
1+6
-
1+8+1
8+2
1+9
-
-
3
-
7

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

10
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
3
-
72

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

1
1
1

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+9+8
9+0
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

1
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SOLVING
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+9+8
9+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+9+8
9+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+9+8
9+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9

 

TRANSPOSED LETTERS REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

SO READ ME ONCE AND READ ME TWICE AND READ ME ONCE AGAIN ITS BEEN A LONG LONG TIME

 

 

-
-
-
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
-
1+7
-
1+4
-
1+4+9
6+8
1+4
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
14
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
5
5
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
12
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
5
-
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
5
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
6
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
7
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
-
5
-
57
21
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
9
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
13
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
32
-
6
-
59
32
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
8
25
6
7
16
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
1+6
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+4
-
1+4+9
6+8
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
14
14
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
12
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
U
=
3
5
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
M
=
4
6
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
A
=
1
7
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
G
=
7
9
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
7
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
N
=
5
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
M
=
4
13
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
8
25
6
7
16
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
1+6
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+4
-
1+4+9
6+8
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
14
14
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9

 

LOOK AT THE 5S LOOK AT THE 5S LOOK AT THE 5S THE 5S THE 5S

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S THE 5FIVE5S THE 5FIVE5S

5 x 5 = 25

LOOK AT THJE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

5 x 5 = 25

 

-
-
-
-
12
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
7
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
U
=
3
5
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
M
=
4
6
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
M
=
4
13
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
N
=
5
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
G
=
7
9
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
7
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
8
25
6
7
16
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
1+6
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+4
-
1+4+9
6+8
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
14
14
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9

 

 

LIVE EVIL LIVE

EVIL LIVE EVIL

LIVED DEVIL LIVED

DEVIL LIVED DEVIL

 

I
=
9
-
3
ITS
48
12
3
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
F
=
6
-
5
FINAL
42
24
6
C
=
3
-
9
COUNTDOWN
129
39
3
-
-
20
-
20
Add to Reduce
252
90
18
-
-
2+0
-
2+0
Reduce to Deduce
2+5+2
9+0
1+8
-
-
2
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

LOVE EVOLVE LOVE

EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE

 

C
=
3
-
-
COOL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
C
=
3
-
4
COOL
45
88
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
1+8
1+8
C
=
3
-
4
COOL
9
9
9

 

 

F
=
6
-
-
FLUX
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
X
24
6
6
F
=
6
-
4
FLUX
63
88
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+3
1+8
1+8
F
=
6
-
4
FLUX
9
9
9

 

 

B
=
2
-
3
BREATHE
59
32
5
O
=
6
-
3
ON
29
11
2
M
=
4
-
5
ME
18
9
9
B
=
2
-
9
BREATH
54
27
9
O
=
2
-
3
OF
21
12
3
G
=
7
-
5
GOD
26
17
8
-
-
23
-
20
Add to Reduce
207
108
36
-
-
2+3
-
2+0
Reduce to Deduce
2+0+7
1+0+8
3+6
-
-
5
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

Sentience is the capacity to experience feelings and sensations. The word was first coined by philosophers in the 1630s for the concept of an ability to feel, derived from Latin sentientem, to distinguish it from the ability to think. In modern... Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Sapience.

"Sentient" redirects here. For other uses, see Sentient (disambiguation).

A cat in an affectionate frame of mind, by T. W. Wood (1872).
Sentience is the capacity to experience feelings and sensations.[1] The word was first coined by philosophers in the 1630s for the concept of an ability to feel, derived from Latin sentientem (a feeling),[2] to distinguish it from the ability to think (reason).[citation needed] In modern Western philosophy, sentience is the ability to experience sensations. In different Asian religions, the word 'sentience' has been used to translate a variety of concepts. In science fiction, the word "sentience" is sometimes used interchangeably with "sapience", "self-awareness", or "consciousness".[3]

Some writers differentiate between the mere ability to perceive sensations, such as light or pain, and the ability to perceive emotions, such as fear or grief. The subjective awareness of experiences by a conscious individual are known as qualia in Western philosophy.[3]

Philosophy and sentience?[edit]

In philosophy, different authors draw different distinctions between consciousness and sentience. According to Antonio Damasio, sentience is a minimalistic way of defining consciousness, which otherwise commonly and collectively describes sentience plus further features of the mind and consciousness, such as creativity, intelligence, sapience, self-awareness, and intentionality (the ability to have thoughts about something). These further features of consciousness may not be necessary for sentience, which is the capacity to feel sensations and emotions.[4]

Consciousness?[edit]

See also: Consciousness

According to Thomas Nagel in his paper "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?", consciousness can refer to the ability of any entity to have subjective perceptual experiences, or as some philosophers refer to them, "qualia"—in other words, the ability to have states that it feels like something to be in.[5] Some philosophers, notably Colin McGinn, believe that the physical process causing consciousness to happen will never be understood, a position known as "new mysterianism." They do not deny that most other aspects of consciousness are subject to scientific investigation but they argue that qualia will never be explained.[citation needed] Other philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett, argue that qualia are not a meaningful concept.[6]

Regarding animal consciousness, according to the Cambridge Declaration of Consciousness, which was publicly proclaimed on 7 July 2012 at Cambridge University, consciousness is that which requires specialized neural structures, chiefly neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates, which manifests in more complex organisms as the central nervous system, to exhibit consciousness.[a] Accordingly, only organisms that possess these substrates, all within the animal kingdom, are said to be conscious.[7] Sponges, placozoans, and mesozoans, with simple body plans and no nervous system, are the only members of the animal kingdom that possess no consciousness.[citation needed]

Phenomenal vs. affective consciousness?[edit]

David Chalmers argues that sentience is sometimes used as shorthand for phenomenal consciousness, the capacity to have any subjective experience at all, but sometimes refers to the narrower concept of affective consciousness, the capacity to experience subjective states that have affective valence (i.e., a positive or negative character), such as pain and pleasure.[8]

Recognition paradox and relation to sapience?[edit]

Chimps in a playful mood.
While it has been traditionally assumed that sentience and sapience are, in principle, independent of each other, there are criticisms of that assumption. One such criticism is about recognition paradoxes, one example of which is that an entity that cannot distinguish a spider from a non-spider cannot be arachnophobic. More generally, it is argued that since it is not possible to attach an emotional response to stimuli that cannot be recognized, emotions cannot exist independently of cognition that can recognize. The claim that precise recognition exists as specific attention to some details in a modular mind is criticized both with regard to data loss as a small system of disambiguating synapses in a module physically cannot make as precise distinctions as a bigger synaptic system encompassing the whole brain, and for energy loss as having one system for motivation that needs some built-in cognition to recognize anything anyway and another cognitive system for making strategies would cost more energy than integrating it all in one system that use the same synapses. Data losses inherent in all information transfer from more precise systems to less precise systems are also argued to make it impossible for any imprecise system to use a more precise system as an "emissary", as a less precise system would not be able to tell whether the outdata from the more precise system was in the interest of the less precise system or not.[9][10]

Empirical data on conditioned reflex precision?[edit]

The original studies by Ivan Pavlov that showed that conditioned reflexes in human children are more discriminating than those in dogs, human children salivating only at ticking frequencies very close to those at which food was served while dogs drool at a wider range of frequencies, have been followed up in recent years with comparative studies on more species. It is shown that both brain size and brain-wide connectivity contribute to make perception more discriminating, as predicted by the theory of a brain-wide perception system but not by the theory of separate systems for emotion and cognition.[11]

Eastern religions?[edit]

See also: Sentient beings (Buddhism)

Eastern religions including Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism recognise non-humans as sentient beings.[12] The term sentient beings is translated from various Sanskrit terms (jantu, bahu jana, jagat, sattva) and "conventionally refers to the mass of living things subject to illusion, suffering, and rebirth (Sa?sara)".[13] In some forms of Buddhism plants, stones and other inanimate objects are considered to be 'sentient'.[14][15] In Jainism many things are endowed with a soul, jiva, which is sometimes translated as 'sentience'.[16][17] Some things are without a soul, ajiva, such as a chair or spoon.[18] There are different rankings of jiva based on the number of senses it has. Water, for example, is a sentient being of the first order, as it is considered to possess only one sense, that of touch.[19]

In Jainism and Hinduism, this is related to the concept of ahimsa, non-violence toward other beings.[citation needed]

Sentience in Buddhism is the state of having senses. In Buddhism, there are six senses, the sixth being the subjective experience of the mind. Sentience is simply awareness prior to the arising of Skandha. Thus, an animal qualifies as a sentient being. According to Buddhism, sentient beings made of pure consciousness are possible. In Mahayana Buddhism, which includes Zen and Tibetan Buddhism, the concept is related to the Bodhisattva, an enlightened being devoted to the liberation of others. The first vow of a Bodhisattva states, "Sentient beings are numberless; I vow to free them."

Animal welfare, rights, and sentience?[edit]

Main articles: Animal rights by country or territory, Animal consciousness, Animal cognition, Animal welfare, Animal rights, Pain in animals, and Sentientism

Sentience has been a central concept in the animal rights movement, tracing back to the well-known writing of Jeremy Bentham in An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation: "The question is not, Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?"

Richard D. Ryder defines sentientism broadly as the position according to which an entity has moral status if and only if it is sentient.[20] In David Chalmer's more specific terminology, Bentham is a narrow sentientist, since his criterion for moral status is not only the ability to experience any phenomenal consciousness at all, but specifically the ability to experience conscious states with negative affective valence (i.e. suffering).[8] Animal welfare and rights advocates often invoke similar capacities. For example, the documentary Earthlings argues that while animals do not have all the desires and ability to comprehend as do humans, they do share the desires for food and water, shelter and companionship, freedom of movement and avoidance of pain.[21][b]

Animal-welfare advocates typically argue that any sentient being is entitled, at a minimum, to protection from unnecessary suffering[citation needed], though animal-rights advocates may differ on what rights (e.g., the right to life) may be entailed by simple sentience. Sentiocentrism describes the theory that sentient individuals are the center of moral concern.

Gary Francione also bases his abolitionist theory of animal rights, which differs significantly from Singer's, on sentience. He asserts that, "All sentient beings, humans or nonhuman, have one right: the basic right not to be treated as the property of others."[22]

Andrew Linzey, founder of the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics in England, considers recognising animals as sentient beings as an aspect of his Christianity. The Interfaith Association of Animal Chaplains encourages animal ministry groups to adopt a policy of recognising and valuing sentient beings.[citation needed]

In 1997 the concept of animal sentience was written into the basic law of the European Union. The legally binding protocol annexed to the Treaty of Amsterdam recognises that animals are "sentient beings", and requires the EU and its member states to "pay full regard to the welfare requirements of animals".

Alleged sentience of artificial intelligence?[edit]

It is a subject of debate as to whether artificial intelligence can potentially display, or has displayed, the level of awareness and cognitive ability required of sentience in animals.[23] Notably, the discussion on the topic of alleged sentience of artificial intelligence has been reignited as a result of recent (as of mid-2022) claims made about Google's LaMDA artificial intelligence system that it is "sentient" and had a "soul."[24] LaMDA (Language Model for Dialogue Applications) is an artificial intelligence system that creates chatbots — AI robots designed to communicate with humans — by gathering vast amounts of text from the internet and using algorithms to respond to queries in the most fluid and natural way possible. The transcripts of conversations between scientists and LaMDA reveal that the AI system excels at this, providing answers to challenging topics about the nature of emotions, generating Aesop-style fables on the moment, and even describing its alleged fears.[25]

However, the term "sentience" is not used by major artificial intelligence textbooks and researchers.[26] It is sometimes used in popular accounts of AI to describe "human level or higher intelligence" (or artificial general intelligence).

Sentience quotient?[edit]

The sentience quotient concept was introduced by Robert A. Freitas Jr. in the late 1970s.[27] It defines sentience as the relationship between the information processing rate of each individual processing unit (neuron), the weight/size of a single unit, and the total number of processing units (expressed as mass). It was proposed as a measure for the sentience of all living beings and computers from a single neuron up to a hypothetical being at the theoretical computational limit of the entire universe. On a logarithmic scale it runs from -70 up to +50.

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
SENTIENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
3
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
40
-
9
SENTIENCE
94
49
40
-
1
2
3
4
25
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
13
13
4
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
4
4
5
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SENTIENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
N
=
5
3
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
40
-
9
SENTIENCE
94
49
40
-
1
2
3
4
25
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
13
13
4
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
4
4
5
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8

 

LOOK AT THE 5S LOOK AT THE 5S LOOK AT THE 5S THE 5S THE 5S

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S THE 5FIVE5S THE 5FIVE5S

5 x 5 = 25

LOOK AT THJE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

5 x 5 = 25

 

-
-
-
-
-
SENTIENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
N
=
5
3
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
9
-
-
40
-
9
SENTIENCE
94
49
40
-
1
2
3
4
25
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
13
13
4
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
4
4
5
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SENTIENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
5
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
N
=
5
3
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
40
-
9
SENTIENCE
94
49
40
-
1
2
3
25
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
13
13
4
-
1
2
3
7
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
4
4
5
-
1
2
3
7
8

 

SO READ ME ONCE AND READ ME TWICE AND READ ME ONCE AGAIN ITS BEEN A LONG LONG TIME

 

ISIS-ASTARTE-DIANA-HECATI-DEMETER-KALI-INANNA

 

I
=
9
-
4
ISIS
56
20
2
A
=
1
-
7
ASTARTE
84
21
3
D
=
4
-
5
DIANA
29
20
2
H
=
8
-
6
HECATI
42
24
6
D
=
4
-
7
DEMETER
70
34
7
K
=
2
-
4
KALI
33
15
6
I
=
9
-
6
INANNA
53
26
8
-
-
-
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

OF TIME AND STARS

Arthur C. Clarke 1972

The Sentinel

"I can never look now at the Milky Way without wondering from which of those banked clouds of stars the emissaries are coming. If you will pardon so commonplace a simile, we have set off the fire alarm and have nothing to do but wait.

I do not think we will have to wait for long."

 

 

GOD ONE GOD

AND ONE CHOSEN RACE THE HUMAN RACE

 

 

HOLY BIBLE

Scofield References

C 1 V 16

THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES

Page 1148 (Part quoted)

"MEN AND BRETHREN THIS SCRIPTURE MUST NEEDS HAVE BEEN FULFILLED

WHICH THE HOLY GHOST BY THE MOUTH OF DAVID SPAKE"

 

THE

PROPHET

Kahil Gibran

Page 82/83/84/85/86

"If these be vague words, then seek not to clear them.

Vague and nebulous is the beginning of all things, but not their end,

And I would have you remember me as a beginning.

Life, and all that lives, is conceived in the mist and not in the crystal.

And who knows but a crystal is mist in decay

This would I have you remember in remembering me:

That which seems most feeble and bewildered in you is the strongest and most determined.

Is it not your breath that has erected and hardened the structure of your bones?

And is it not a dream which none of you remember having dreamt, that builded your city and fashioned all there is in it?

Could you but see the tides of that breath you would cease to see all else,

And if you could hear the whispering of the dream you would hear no other sound.

But you do not see, nor do you here, and it is well.

The veil that clouds your eyes shall be lifted by the hands that wove it,

And the clay that fills your ears shall be pierced by those fingers that kneaded it.

And you shall see

And you shall hear.

Yet you shall not deplore having known blindness, nor regret having been deaf

For in that day you shall know the hidden purposes in all things,

And you shall bless darkness as you would bless light.

After saying these things he looked about him,

and he saw the pilot of his ship standing by the helm

and gazing now at the full sails and now at the distance.

And he said:

Patient, over patient, is the captain of my ship.

The wind blows, and restless are the sails;

Even the rudder begs direction;

Yet quietly my captain awaits my silence.

And these my mariners, who have heard the

choir of the greater sea, they too have heard me

patiently.

Now they shall wait no longer.

I am ready

The stream has reached the sea, and once more

THE GREAT MOTHER

holds her son against her breast.

Fare you well, people of Orphalese.

This day has ended.

It is closing upon us even as the water-lily upon its own tomorrow.

What was given us here we shall keep,

And if it suffices not, then again must we come together and together

stretch our hands unto the giver.

Forget not that I shall come back to you.

A little while, and my longing shall gather dust and foam for another body.

A little while, a moment of rest upon the wind, and another woman shall bear me.

Farewell to you and the youth I have spent with you.

It was but yesterday we met in a dream.

You have sung to me in my aloneness, and I of your longings have built a tower in the sky.

But now our sleep has fled and our dream is over, and it is no longer dawn.

The noontide is upon us and our half waking has turned to fuller day, and we must part.

If in the twilight of memory we should meet once more,

we shall speak again together and you shall sing to me a deeper song.

and if our hands should meet in another dream we shall build another tower in the sky.

So saying he made a signal to the seamen,

and straightaway they weighed anchor and cast the ship loose from its moorings, and they moved eastward.

And a cry came from the people as from a single heart,

and it rose into the dusk and was carried out over the sea like a great trumpeting.

Only Almitra was silent, gazing after the ship until it had vanished into the mist.

And when all the people were dispersed she still stood alone upon the sea-wall,

remembering in her heart his saying:

A little while, a moment of rest upon the wind, and another woman shall bear me.'

 

A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
6
LITTLE
78
24
6
W
=
5
-
5
WHILE
57
30
3
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
M
=
4
-
6
MOMENT
80
26
8
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
R
=
9
-
4
REST
62
17
8
U
=
3
-
4
UPON
66
21
3
T
=
T
-
3
THE
33
15
6
W
=
W
-
4
WIND
50
23
5
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
A
=
1
-
7
ANOTHER
81
36
9
W
=
5
-
5
WOMAN
66
21
3
S
=
1
-
5
SHALL
52
16
7
B
=
2
-
4
BEAR
26
17
8
M
=
4
-
2
ME
18
9
9
-
-
53
-
62
First Total
711
279
81
-
-
5+3
-
6+2
Add to Reduce
7+1+1
2+7+9
8+1
-
-
8
-
8
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
8
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

Thomas Mann 1875-1955

Page 466

"Had not the normal, since time was, lived on the achievements of the abnormal? Men consciously and voluntarily descended into disease and madness, in search of knowledge which, acquired by fanaticism, would lead back to health; after the possession and use of it had ceased to be conditioned by that heroic and abnormal act of sacrifice. That was the true death on the cross, the true Atonement.

 

 

WAY OF THE PEACEFUL WARRIOR

A

BOOK THAT CHANGES LIVES

Dan Millman 1980

Page 44

"...do you recall that I told you we must work on changing your mind before you can see the warrior's way? / Page 45 /

"Yes, but I really don't think. . ."
"Don't be afraid," he repeated. "Comfort yourself with a say­ing of Confucius," he smiled. " 'Only the supremely wise and the ignorant do not alter.' " Saying that, he reached out and placed his hands gently but firmly on my temples.
Nothing happened for a moment-then suddenly, I felt a growing pressure in the middle of my head. There was a loud buzzing, then a sound like waves rushing up on the beach. I heard bells ringing, and my head felt as if it was going to burst. That's when I saw the light, and my mind exploded with its brightness. Something in me was dying-I knew this for a certainty-and something else was being born! Then the light engulfed everything."

 

 

THE WASTE LAND

and other poems 

T. S. Elliot 1940

Page 13

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

"I AM LAZARUS, COME FROM THE DEAD, COME BACK TO TELL YOU ALL I SHALL TELL YOU ALL"

 

 

THE LURE AND ROMANCE OF ALCHEMY.

A history of the secret link between magic and science

1990
C. J. S.Thompson

Page# 31 / 32

note 1 Julius Ruska ,Tabula Smaragdini 1926

"THE EMERALD TABLE OF HERMES: "

"True it is, without falsehood certain most true.That which is
above is like to that which is below, and that which is below is like
to that which is above, to accomplish the miracles of one thing.
And as in all things whereby contemplation of one, so in all things
arose from this one thing by a single act of adoption.
The father thereof is the Sun the mother the Moon.
The wind carried it in its womb,the earth is the source thereof.
It is the father of all works throughout the world.
The power thereof is perfect.
If it be cast on to earth, it will separate the element of earth
from that of fire, the subtle from the gross.
With great sagacity it doth ascend gently from earth to heaven.
Again it doth descend to earth and uniteth in itself from
things superior and things inferior.
Thus thou wilt possess the brightness of the world, and all
obscurity will fly far from thee.
This thing is the strong fortitude of all strength, for it over-
cometh every subtle thing and doth penetrate every solid substance.
Thus was this world created.
Hence will there be marvellous adaptations achieved of which
the manner is this.
For this reason I am called Hermes Trismegistus because I hold
three parts of the wisdom of the whole world.
That which I had to say about the operation of Sol is completed."

 

 

Freiheit - Keeping The Dream Alive lyrics. From the Original Motion Picture ... In my fantasy I remember their faces The hopes we had were much too high ... www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/f/freiheit/keeping_the_dream_alive.html


Tonight the rain is falling
Full of memories of people and places
And while the past is calling
In my fantasy I remember their faces

The hopes we had were much too high
Way out of reach but we have to try
The game will never be over
Because we're keeping the dream alive

I hear myself recalling
Things you said to me
The night it all started
And still the rain is falling
Makes me feel the way
I felt when we parted

The hopes we had were much too high
Way out of reach but we have to try
No need to hide no need to run
'Cause all the answers come one by one
The game will never be over
Because we're keeping the dream alive

I need you
I love you

The game will never be over
Because we're keeping the dream alive

The hopes we had were much too high
Way out of reach but we have to try
No need to hide no need to run
'Cause all the answers come one by one

The hopes we had were much too high
Way out of reach but we have to try
No need to hide no need to run
'Cause all the answers come one by one

The game will never be over
Because we're keeping the dream alive

The game will never be over
Because we're keeping the dream alive

The game will never be over

Mmm mmm mmm mmm mmm mmm mmm mmm mmm.

 

 

I

SAY

IS THIS THE OTHER SIDE OF THE GREAT DIVIDE

?

NO ITS OVER THERE

I

HAVE JUST BEEN OVER THERE AND THEY SAID ITS OVER HERE

 

 

1
I
9
9
9
4
THAT
49
13
4
2
AM
14
5
5
11
TERRESTRIAL
145
55
1
16
EXTRATERRESTRIAL
213
78
6
3
AND
19
10
1
9
CELESTIAL
86
32
5
2
AM
14
5
5
1
I
9
9
9
49
First Total
558
216
45
4+9
Add to Reduce
5+5+8
2+1+6
4+5
13
Second Total
18
9
9
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
9
1
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
-
9
19
+
=
43
-
=
7
-
7
-
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
3
-
-
4
1
4
-
-
+
=
20
2+0
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
17
21
-
-
22
1
4
-
-
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
-
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
21
15
-
22
1
4
9
19
+
=
108
1+0+8
=
9
-
9
-
-
8
3
6
-
4
1
4
9
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
-
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
2
``-
``-
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
``-
``-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
14
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
31
-
-
8
-
36
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
-
3+6
5
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
9
-
-
8
3
6
-
4
1
4
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
9

 

 

8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
9
1
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
-
7
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
-
9
19
+
=
43
-
=
7
-
7
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
3
-
-
4
1
4
-
-
+
=
20
2+0
=
20
2+0
2
-
17
21
-
-
22
1
4
-
-
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
21
15
-
22
1
4
9
19
+
=
108
1+0+8
=
9
-
9
-
8
3
6
-
4
1
4
9
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
``-
``-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
31
-
-
8
-
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
-
3+6
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
9
-
8
3
6
-
4
1
4
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
Q
U
O
-
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
9

 

 

8
Q
U
O
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
1
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
-
7
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
9
19
+
=
43
-
=
7
-
7
8
Q
U
O
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
3
-
4
1
4
-
-
+
=
20
2+0
=
20
2+0
2
-
17
21
-
22
1
4
-
-
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
8
Q
U
O
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
21
15
22
1
4
9
19
+
=
108
1+0+8
=
9
-
9
-
8
3
6
4
1
4
9
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
8
Q
U
O
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
``-
``-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
8
Q
U
O
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
31
-
-
8
-
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
-
3+6
8
Q
U
O
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
9
-
8
3
6
4
1
4
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
Q
U
O
V
A
D
I
S
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
9

 

 

7
WHITHER
91
46
1
5
GOEST
66
21
3
4
THOU
64
19
1
16
-
221
86
5
1+6
-
2+2+1
8+6
-
7
-
5
14
5
-
-
-
1+4
-
7
-
5
5
5

 

 

Did Spacemen Colonise the Earth?

Robin Collyns 1974

Page 206

"FINIS"

 

 

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

Thomas Mann 1924

THE THUNDERBOLT

Page 715

"There is our friend, there is Hans Castorp! We recognize him at a distance, by the little beard he assumed 'while sitting at the " bad" Russian table. Like all the others, he is wet through and glowing. He is running, his feet heavy with mould, the bayonet swinging in his, hand. Look! He treads on the hand of a fallen comrade; with his hobnailed boot he treads the hand deep into the slimy, branch-strewn ground. But it is he. What, singing? As one sings, unaware, staring stark ahead, yes, thus. he spends his hurrying breath, to sing half soundlessly:

"And loving words I've carven
Upon its branches fair-"

He stumbles, No, he has flung himself down, a hell-hound is coming howling, a huge explosive shell, a disgusting sugar-loaf from the infernal regions. He lies with his face in the cool mire, legs. sprawled out, feet twisted, heels turned down. The product of a perverted science, laden with death, slopes earthward thirty paces in front of him and buries its nose in the ground; explodes inside there, with hideous expense of power, and raises up a fountain high as a house, of mud, fire, iron, molten metal, scattered fragments of humanity. Where it fell, two youths had lain, friends who in their need flung themselves down together - now they are scattered, commingled and gone.
Shame of our shadow-safety! Away! No more!-But our friend? Was he hit? He thought so, for the moment. A great clod of earth struck him on the shin, it hurt, but he smiles at it. Up he gets, and staggers on, limping on his earth-bound feet, all unconsciously singing:

"Its waving branches whiispered
A message in my ear -"

and thus, in the tumult, in the rain, in the dusk, vanishes out of our sight.
Farewell, honest Hans Castorp, farewell, Life's delicate child!
Your tale is told. We have told it to the end, and it was neither short nor long, but hermetic
. We have told it for its own sake, not for yours, for you were simple. But after all, it was your story, it befell you, you must have more in you than we thought; we will not disclaim the pedagogic weakness we conceived for / Page 716 / you in the telling; which could even lead us to press a finger delicately to our eyes at the thought that we shall see you no more, hear you no more for ever.
Farewell - and if thou livest or diest! Thy prospects are poor. The desperate dance, in which thy fortunes are caught up, will last yet many a sinful year; we should not care to set a high stake on thy life by the time it ends. We even confess that it is without great concern we leave the question open. Adventures of the flesh and in the spirit, while enhancing thy simplicity, granted thee to know in the spirit what in the flesh thou scarcely couldst have done. Moments there were, when out of death, and the rebellion of the flesh, there came to thee, as thou tookest stock of thyself, a dream of love. Out of this universal feast of death, out of this extremity of fever, kindling. the rain-washed evening sky to a fiery glow, may it be that Love one day shall mount?

FINIS OPERIS

 

 

 
Top
 
 
Evokation
 
Previous Page
Index
Next Page